Contribution of bread and biscuits to vitamin A daily requirement of preschool children in Lagos State, Nigeria

Florence N. Uchendu
ID
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Oyediran E. Oyewole
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Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Open University of Nigeria, Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria
Department of Health Promotion and Education, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Received: 26 July 2021 / Revised: 23 December 2021 / Accepted: 31 December 2021 / Published: 30 March 2022

Abstract

Introduction and aim. Vitamin-A-deficiency is a public health problem among preschool children of Nigeria. Study determined the contribution of bread and biscuits to vitamin A-daily-requirement of preschool children in Lagos-State, Nigeria.

Material and methods. A community-based-study using a cross-sectional-design with analytical component was carried out from 2013-2015. Multi-stage-sampling-technique was used to select mothers of preschool-children (n=1599) in 5 Local-Government-Areas of Lagos. Respondents’ socio-demographic information and samples consumption-pattern were collected using validated, food-frequency-questionnaire/dietary recall. Retinyl palmitate content of randomly selected commonly-consumed brands of oven-fresh-bread stored for 5-days and biscuits (30- to 60-days) at prevailing outdoor-market-temperatures were analysed using High-Performance-Liquid-Chromatography. Contribution to preschool children’s vitamin A-daily-requirements were determined. Data were analysed using Student’s t-test and ANOVA at p<0.05.

Results. Mean age of preschool children was 31.44±5.28 months. Mean intakes of samples were bread (117.6 ±15.9 g/d) and biscuits (59.8±27.9 g/d). Range of contribution to vitamin-A-daily-requirement of preschool-children was 0-178.4 %. Samples contribution to vitamin A-daily-requirement of pre-school-children were oven-fresh bread (68.3 %); 5 days bread (20.7%); 30-days biscuits (25.0%) and 60-days biscuits (6.8%). Overall contribution to vitamin A-daily-requirement were bread (51.4%) and biscuits (22.4%). Statistically significant difference existed between samples contribution and vitamin-A-daily-requirement of preschool children.

Conclusion. Bread and biscuits samples contributed significantly to the vitamin-A-daily-requirement of preschool children.

 

Cite

Uchendu FN, Oyewole OE. Contribution of bread and biscuits to vitamin A daily requirement of preschool children in Lagos State, Nigeria. Eur J Clin Exp Med. 2022;20(1):80–92. doi: 10.15584/ejcem.2022.1.12

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